A Study of the Lichenized, Lichenicolous, and
Allied Fungi of Northeast Ohio
Abstract
Since the late months of 2016, the author has extensively surveyed the natural areas throughout Northeast Ohio for all lichenized, lichenicolous, and allied fungi. This was done in order to create the first comprehensive baseline list for the region. As a result, a total of 405 recognized species have been discovered, and of these, 112 are being reported for the first time in Ohio.
Introduction
Northeast Ohio is an example of a region that is both heavily impacted by development and biologically diverse (Crooks et al., 2004; Tuovinen & Hsu, 1982). Though there has been much fragmentation of natural areas through urbanization and suburbanization, it still holds a plethora of unique and diverse habitats (Scheiring & Foote, 1973). This diversity in habitat likely contributes to the relatively large number of species that reside within the region. One group in particular, lichens, has been largely overlooked even by the naturalist community and much about them has been hidden beneath a veil of obscurity. Many of them, up to this point, have been passed by unnoticed for centuries and only now are beginning to be reported.
Nevertheless, Ohio has a relatively rich and distinguished history of lichen collection and documentation (Lendemer, 2017). In more recent decades, most information regarding lichens in Ohio has been collected and managed by Ray Showman who, himself, has done much work with the study (Showman & Rudolph, 1971; Showman, 1997; McClenahen et al., 2012; Showman, 1972A; Showman, 1972B; Showman, 1981; Showman, 1975). However, during this time, macrolichens were the primary focus for these scientists as the literature for these species was much more developed (Andreas et al., 2007).
The microlichens (crustose lichens) were notoriously difficult and not much literature was available (Wadleigh & Blake, 1999; Thomson, 1984). Only in recent years have microlichens been given significant attention by taxonomists, and now Ohio is ready to add these to its list of known biological diversity.
Since the late months of 2016, the author has been conducting numerous surveys throughout the region in order to document lichenized, lichenicolous, and allied fungi and form the first comprehensive baseline list for Northeast Ohio. This work is the kind that never really ends, but here, an attempt is made to form a list that can be referenced in the future by other experts and enthusiasts with the same mission. It is meant to be a continuation of “A STUDY OF THE MACROLICHENS OF NORTHEAST OHIO” (Curtis, 2017) published in the 2017 OBELISK newsletter. Most of the noteworthy findings of this continuation are crustose lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and lichen allies which have never been thoroughly surveyed in the region before. Ultimately, this information could be used in legislation to protect these delicate organisms from further harm.
Materials and Methods
For this study, Northeast Ohio has been defined as 13 counties clumped within the Northeast portion of the State and are indicated by the map featured in Figure 1. These counties are Ashtabula, Columbiana, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Mahoning, Medina, Portage, Stark, Summit, Trumbull, and Wayne. All the counties within the study area have been visited at least once except for Lorain County which features very few natural areas. Some counties, such as Portage and Summit, have been explored extensively, and nearly every natural area within them has been visited.
As a casual study, there is undoubtedly some bias regarding area visitation. Most of the study area is within the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, but parts of the Lake Plain and Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau are also within the study area. It is no surprise that many Appalachian species are only known from the small portions of Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in Columbiana County. This is also true for Great Lakes species where they are only known from counties that border Lake Erie.
Figure 1. Map of Study Area
When surveying for lichens, the author targeted high quality natural areas and obtained collecting permits when necessary. The areas were then inventoried by foot. Various types of surveys were conducted including plots or meander surveys and including all-species inventories or merely collecting notable and/or interesting finds. Lichens were collected using various rock chisels (1/2”-3/4”) and a 2.5 lb. sledgehammer or a 2” wood chisel and hammer depending on the substrate. Collections were then transported in polyethylene bags and taken to a lab to be examined. Specimens were identified through studying morphological characters, microscopic characters (using a dissecting and/or compound microscope), or through studying chemistry (using spot test reagents).
Nomenclature adhered primarily to Essinger’s most recently published North American checklist (Esslinger, 2018), though special attention has been given to genera not well understood in NA such as Verrucaria. In this case, European literature (Krzewicka, 2012 and Orange, 2013) was used to name species. Many of the Verrucaria species reported here likely represent new occurrences for North America, though not all of them matched the description of any described species.
Results of microscopic and chemical analyses were recorded on herbarium labels where appropriate. All specimens collected were deposited at the Tom S. and Miwako K. Cooperrider Herbarium (KE) at the Kent State University main campus. The specimens are in the process of being digitized and are now mostly accessible through an online database. Over 2,200 specimens collected during this study within Northeast Ohio have now been databased by the author, and numerous others await digitization.
Results
The current number of recognized species found during this study is 405, including 19 lichenicolous fungi (fungi which grow on lichens) and 22 allied fungi (fungi related to lichenized counterparts). Of these, 112 have never been collected in Ohio before (based on the Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria database) and are, therefore, new to the state. Most of the new species found during this study are microlichens, although 11 macrolichens were also new. All of the recognized species are included in the following comprehensive list, though several apparently undescribed species found are not included here and are under investigation. In addition, a list of errors discovered by the author in the 2017 article are included.
Comprehensive List of Northeast Ohio Lichenized, Lichenicolous, and Allied Fungi.
* denotes an “allied” fungus, **denotes a lichenicolous fungus, NS denotes a new state record
Absconditella lignicola Vězda & Pišút NS
Acarospora americana H. Magn. NS
Acarospora canadensis H. Magn. NS
Acarospora fuscata (Schrader) Arnold
Acarospora moenium (Vainio) Räsänen NS
Agonimia flabelliformis Halda, Czarnota & Guzow-KremiÕska NS
Agonimia gelatinosa (Ach.) Brand & Diederich NS
Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz & Tehler
Amandinea dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard
Amandinea polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May
Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid.
Anaptychia palmulata (Michaux) Vainio
Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R.C. Harris
Anisomeridium carinthiacum (J. Steiner) R.C. Harris NS
Anisomeridium distans (Willey) R. C. Harris
Anisomeridium leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris
Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr
Arthonia apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. NS
Arthonia caudata Willey* NS
Arthonia helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. NS
Arthonia lapidicola (Taylor) Branth &>Rostrup NS
Arthonia punctiformis Ach.*
Arthonia quintaria Nyl.*
Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach.
Arthonia ruana A. Massal.
Arthonia susa R. C. Harris & Lendemer
Arthopyrenia cerasi (Schrader) A. Massal.* NS
Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold NS
Athallia holocarpa (Hoffm.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting
Athallia pyracea (Ach.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting
Bacidia circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme
Bacidia granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Bacidia sorediata Lendemer & R. C. Harris
Bacidina arnoldiana (Körber) V. Wirth & Vězda NS
Bacidina assulata (Körber) S. Ekman NS
Bacidina brittoniana (Riddle) LaGreca & S. Ekman NS
Bacidina delicata (Leighton) V. Wirth & Vězda NS
Bacidina egenula (Nyl.) Vězda
Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vězda
Biatora longispora (Degel.) Lendemer & Printzen
Biatora pontica Printzen & Tønsberg NS
Biatora printzenii Tønsberg
Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreber) Arnold
Botryolepraria lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea & Llimona
Brianaria bauschiana (Körber) S. Ekman & M. Svensson NS
Bryobilimbia ahlesii (Körber) Fryday, Printzen & S. Ekman
Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Buellia badia (Fr.) A. Massal.**
Buellia erubescens Arnold
Caeruleum heppii (Nägeli ex Körber) K. Knudsen & L. Arcadia
Calicium tigillare (Ach.) Pers.
Caloplaca ahtii Søchting NS
Caloplaca albovariegata (B. de Lesd.) Wetmore NS
Caloplaca atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr.
Caloplaca microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse
Caloplaca pratensis Wetmore NS
Caloplaca reptans Lendemer & Hodkinson NS
Caloplaca sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
Caloplaca soralifera Vondrák & Hrouzek NS
Caloplaca ulcerosa Coppins & P. James NS
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink
Candelaria concolor (Dickson) Stein
Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.
Candelariella efflorescens R. C. Harris & W. R. Buck
Candelariella lutella (Vainio) Räsänen NS
Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.
Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau
Canoparmelia caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale
Canoparmelia texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale
Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler
Catinaria neuschildii (Körb.) P. James NS
Cetraria arenaria Kärnefelt
Cetrelia chicitae (W. L. Culb.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.
Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
Chaenotheca ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig. NS
Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell
Chaenotheca xyloxena Nádv. NS
Chaenothecopsis debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell*
Chaenothecopsis nana Tibell* NS
Chaenothecopsis nigra Tibell* NS
Chaenothecopsis perforata Rikkinen & Tuovila* NS
Chaenothecopsis pusilla (Ach.) A.F.W. Schmidt*
Chaenothecopsis pusiola (Ach.) Vainio* NS
Chaenothecopsis savonica (Räsänen) Tibell* NS
Chrismofulvea dialyta (Nyl.) Marbach NS
Chrysothrix caesia (Flotow) Ertz & Tehler
Chrysothrix xanthina (Vainio) Kalb
Cladonia apodocarpa Robbins
Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke
Cladonia chlorophaea complex
Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Sprengel
Cladonia conista (Nyl.) Robbins
Cladonia cristatella Tuck.
Cladonia cylindrica (A. Evans) A. Evans
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr.
Cladonia furcata (Hudson) Schrader
Cladonia incrassata Kristinsson
Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. var. bacillaris (Ach.) Schaerer
Cladonia macilenta var macilenta Hoffm.
Cladonia mateocyatha Robbins
Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke
Cladonia parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm.
Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon
Cladonia piedmontensis G. Merr.
Cladonia pleurota (Flörke) Schaerer
Cladonia polycarpoides Nyl.
Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.
Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon
Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg.
Cladonia rei Schaerer
Cladonia sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio
Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm.
Cladonia strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot
Cladonia subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick
Cladonia uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg.
Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaerer
Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawksw. ** NS
Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch
Collema subflaccidum Degel.
Cornutispora pyramidalis Etayo** NS
Crespoa crozalsiana (B. de Lesd. ex Harm.) Lendemer & Hodkinson
Cresponea chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente NS
Cryptodiscus pallidus (Pers.) Corda.* NS
Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites
Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon
Dermatocarpon muhlenbergii (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
Dibaeis baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel
Dictyocatenulata alba Finley & E. F. Morris NS
Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant.**
Diploschistes scruposus (Schreber) Norman
Distopyrenis americana Aptroo NS
Enchylium bachmanianum (Fink) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Enchylium tenax (Sw.) Gray
Endocarpon pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl.
Endocarpon petrolepideum (Nyl.) Nyl.
Endococcus perpusillus Nyl.** NS
Epicladonia stenospora (Harm.) D. Hawksw.** NS
Erythricium aurantiacum (Lasch) D. Hawksw. & A. Henrici** NS
Evernia mesomorpha Nyl.
Fellhanera fallax R. C. Harris & Lendemer NS
Fellhanera granulosa R. C. Harris & Lendemer NS
Fellhanera minnisinkorum R. C. Harris & Lendemer
Fellhanera silicis R. C. Harris & Ladd NS
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale
Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale
Flavoplaca flavocitrina (Nyl.) Arup, Frödén & Søchting
Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirton) Hale
Flavopunctelia soredica (Nyl.) Hale
Fuscidea arboricola Coppins & Tønsberg NS
Fuscidea recensa (Stirton) Hertel, V. Wirth & Vězda
Graphis scripta (L.) Ach.
Gyalideopsis moodyae Lendemer & Lücking NS
Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup
Halecania pepegospora (H. Magn.) van den Boom
Halecania rheophila R.C. Harris & Ladd ined. NS
Herteliana schuyleriana Lendemer NS
Hertelidea botryosa (Fr.) Kantvilas & Printzen NS
Heterodermia albicans (Pers.) Swinscow & Krog
Heterodermia casarettiana (A. Massal.) Trevisan
Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan
Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan
Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt
Hyperphyscia confusa Essl., C. A. Morse & S. Leavitt
Hyperphyscia syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb
Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach. ex Lilj.) M. Choisy
Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.
Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow NS
Hypotrachyna livida (Taylor) Hale
Hypotrachyna minarum (Vainio) Krog & Swinscow
Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale NS
Hypotrachyna showmanii Hale
Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer
Imshaugia placorodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer
Ionaspis alba Lutzoni
Ionaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni
Japewiella dollypartoniana J. L. Allen & Lendemer
Julella fallaciosa (Arnold) R. C. Harris*
Lecania croatica (Zahlbr.) Kotlov NS
Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & van den Boom
Lecanora appalachensis Lendemer & R. C. Harris
Lecanora caesiorubella Ach.
Lecanora cinereofusca H. Magn.
Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo
Lecanora layana Lendemer
Lecanora minutella Nyl.
Lecanora nothocaesiella R. C. Harris & Lendemer
Lecanora polytropa (Ehrh.) Rabenh.
Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach.
Lecanora saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. NS
Lecanora strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer
Lecanora subimmergens Vainio
Lecanora subpallens Zahlbr.
Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach.
Lecanora thysanophora R. C. Harris
Lecidea cyrtidia Tuck.
Lecidea erythrophaea Flörke ex Sommerf. NS
Lecidea fuscoatra (L.) Ach. NS
Lecidea varians Ach.
Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert
Leimonis erratica (Körber) R. C. Harris & Lendemer
Lepra pustulata (Brodo & W. Culb.) Lendemer & R. C. Harris
Lepraria caesiella R. C. Harris
Lepraria cryophila Lendemer NS
Lepraria disjuncta Lendemer
Lepraria elobata Tønsberg NS
Lepraria finkii (B. de Lesd.) R. C. Harris
Lepraria harrisiana Lendemer
Lepraria hodkinsoniana Lendemer NS
Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen
Lepraria normandinoides Lendemer & R. C. Harris
Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) R. C. Harris
Lepraria xanthonica Lendemer NS
Leprocaulon adhaerens (K. Knudsen, Elix & Lendemer) Lendemer & Hodkinson
Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber
Lichenoconium erodens M.S. Christ. & D. Hawksw.** NS
Lichenoconium pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petrak & H. Sydow** NS
Marchandiomyces corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw.**
Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler & Arup NS
Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al.
Menegazzia subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant.
Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. NS
Micarea melaena (Nyl.) Hedl.
Micarea peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant.
Micarea prasina Fr.
Micarea soralifera B. Guzow-Krzemińska, P. Czarnota, A. Łubek & M. Kukwa NS
Multiclavula mucida (Fr.) R. H. Petersen NS
Multiclavula vernalis (Schwein.) R. Petersen NS
Mycobilimbia berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth NS
Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala*
Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale
Myelochroa galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale
Myelochroa metarevoluta (Asahina) Elix & Hale
Myelochroa obsessa (Ach.) Elix & Hale
Myriolecis dispersa (Pers.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch
Myriolecis hagenii (Ach.) Śliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch
Myriolecis sambuci (Pers.) Clem. NS
Nadvornikia sorediata R. C. Harris
Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb.
Ovicuculispora parmeliae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Etayo**
Parmelia squarrosa Hale
Parmelia sulcata Taylor
Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale
Parmotrema gardneri (C. W. Dodge) Sérus.
Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale
Parmotrema margaritatum (Hue) Hale
Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal.
Parmotrema perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy
Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy
Parmotrema subisidiosum (Müll. Arg.) Hale
Peltigera canina (L.) Willd.
Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon
Peltigera evansiana Gyelnik
Peltigera polydactylon (Necker) Hoffm.
Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf
Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. NS
Pertusaria plittiana Erichsen
Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby
Phaeocalicium curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell*
Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell*
Phaeocalicium populneum (Brond. ex Duby)* A.F.W. Schmidt
Phaeophyscia adiastola (Essl.) Essl.
Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg
Phaeophyscia decolor (Kashiw.) Essl.
Phaeophyscia hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl.
Phaeophyscia hirtella Essl.
Phaeophyscia insignis (Mereschk.) Moberg
Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg
Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl.
Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl.
Phaeopyxis punctum (A. Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins** NS
Phlyctis petraea R. C. Harris, Muscavitch, Ladd & Lendemer
Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier
Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr.
Physcia americana G. Merr.
Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau NS
Physcia millegrana Degel.
Physcia phaea (Tuck.) J. W. Thomson
Physcia pumilior R. C. Harris
Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.
Physcia thomsoniana Essl.
Physciella chloantha (Ach.) Essl.
Physciella melanchra (Hue) Essl.
Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt
Physconia leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Essl.
Piccolia nannaria (Tuck.) Lendemer & Beeching** NS
Placidiopsis minor R. C. Harris**
Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss
Placynthiella dasaea (Stirton) Tønsberg NS
Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James
Placynthiella oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James NS
Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray
Platismatia tuckermanii (Oakes) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.
Polysporina simplex (Taylor) Vězda
Polysporina subfuscescens (Nyl.) K. Knudsen & Kocourk.** NS
Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph
Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph
Porpidia soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) J. R. Laundon NS
Porpidia subsimplex (H. Magn.) Fryday
Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner
Protoparmelia hypotremella Herk, Spier & V. Wirth NS
Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreber) M. Choisy NS
Pseudosagedia aenea (Wallr.) Hafellner & Kalb NS
Pseudosagedia cestrensis (Tuck. ex E. Michener) R. C. Harris
Psoroglaena dictyospora (Orange) H. Harada NS
Psorotichia schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold
Punctelia bolliana (Müll. Arg.) Krog
Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog
Punctelia caseana Lendemer & Hodkinson
Punctelia missouriensis G. Wilh. & Ladd
Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog
Pyrenopsis phaeococca Tuck.
Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arnold
Pyrenula punctella (Nyl.) Trevisan
Pyxine sorediata (Ach.) Mont.
Pyxine subcinerea Stirton
Ramalina americana Hale
Ramalina complanata (Sw.) Ach.
Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl.
Ramalina labiosorediata Gasparyan, Sipman & Lücking
Rhizocarpon reductum Th. Fr.
Rhizocarpon rubescens Th. Fr. NS
Rinodina buckii Sheard NS
Rinodina freyi H. Magn. NS
Rinodina maculans Müll. Arg.
Rinodina moziana (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Rinodina oxydata (A. Massal.) A. Massal.
Rinodina papillata H. Magn. NS
Rinodina subminuta H. Magn. NS
Rinodina subparieta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. NS
Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre
Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg
Rusavskia elegans (Link) S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt
Sarcogyne regularis Körber
Sarcogyne similis H. Magn. NS
Sarcopyrenia calcarea Lendemer & R. C. Harris** NS
Sarea difformis (Fr.) Fr.* NS
Sarea resinae (Fr.) Kuntze*
Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vězda
Scoliciosporum pensylvanicum R. C. Harris (Harris 2009)
Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.)
Scytinium dactylinum (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Scytinium juniperinum (Tuck.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Scytinium lichenoides (L.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin
Segestria lectissima Fr.
Sphinctrina anglica Nyl.** NS
Squamulea subsoluta (Nyl.) Arup, Søchting & Frödén
Staurothele drummondii (Tuck.) Tuck. NS
Steinia geophana (Nyl.) Stein
Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein*
Stereocaulon saxatile H. Magn.
Strangospora moriformis (Ach.) Stein NS
Strigula jamesii (Swinscow) R. C. Harris NS
Thelidium minutulum Körb.
Thelidium pyrenophorum (Ach.) Mudd
Thelidium zwackhii (Hepp) A. Massal. NS
Thelocarpon intermediellum Nyl. NS
Thelocarpon laureri (Flotow) Nyl.
Trapelia coarctata (Turner) M. Choisy
Trapelia glebulosa (Sm.) J. R. Laundon
Trapelia placodioides Coppins & P. James
Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James
Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch
Trapeliopsis viridescens (Schrader) Coppins & P. James
Tremella cladoniae Diederich & M. S. Christ.** NS
Trimmatothelopsis dispersa (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & Lendemer
Tuckermanella fendleri (Nyl.) Essl.
Tuckermannopsis americana (Sprengel) Hale
Tuckermannopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyelnik
Tuckermannopsis sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale NS
Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.) Tuck.
Usnea cornuta Körber
Usnea dasaea Stirton NS
Usnea glabrata (Ach.) Vainio NS
Usnea hirta (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. NS
Usnea mutabilis Stirton
Usnea pensylvanica Motyka
Usnea strigosa (Ach.)
Usnea subfloridana Stirton
Usnea subgracilis Vainio NS
Usnocetraria oakesiana (Tuck.) M. J. Lai & C. J. Wei
Verrucaria calkinsiana Servit
Verrucaria cernaensis Zschacke NS
Verrucaria dolosa Hepp NS
Verrucaria latericola Erichsen** NS
Verrucaria muralis Ach.
Verrucaria myriocarpa Hepp NS
Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.
Verrucaria nigrescentoidea Fink
Verrucaria praetermissa (Trevisan) Anzi NS
Verrucaria sublobulata Eitner ex Serv. NS
Verrucaria umbrinula Nyl. NS
Vezdaea leprosa (P. James) Vězda
Vezdaea schuyleriana Lendemer NS
Viridothelium virens (Tuck. ex Michener) Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot
Willeya diffractella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
Xanthocarpia feracissima (H. Magn.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting
Xanthomendoza fallax (Hepp ex Arnold) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr.
Xanthomendoza hasseana (Räsänen) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr.
Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes (Räsänen) Søchting, Kärnefelt & S. Y. Kondr.
Xanthomendoza weberi (S. Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) L. Lindblom
Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale
Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale
Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyelnik) Hale
Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.
Xylopsora friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby & Timdal
Errors in “A STUDY OF THE MACROLICHENS OF NORTHEAST OHIO (Curtis, 2017)”
• Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, C. grayi, and C. chlorophaea have been combined under the “C. chlorophaea complex” since TLC has not been performed on any of these specimens collected during this study and no morphological characteristics separate them.
• Cladonia humilis = misidentifications of C. conista
• Leptogium austroamericanum = misidentification of L. cyanescens
• Parmotrema ultralucens = misidentification of P. subisidiosum
• Physcia caesia = misidentification of P. dubia
• Scytinium subtile = misidentification of S. dactylinum
Conclusion
Through extensive inventorying of lichenized, lichenicolous, and allied fungi in NE Ohio, an entirely new level of understanding of these ubiquitous organisms has been achieved. A total of 112 species are being reported here for the first time in Ohio. The study of lichens in Ohio has reached a new level of depth and, perhaps, could be used for conservation efforts in the future. Representation of the lichens of NE Ohio in herbaria has also been increased considerably and now is more representative of the study, in a comprehensive sense, than ever before. A continuation of this study will undoubtedly yield more new and interesting discoveries in the future.
Literature Cited
Andreas, B.K., R.E. Showman and J.C. Lendemer (2007). The 2006 Combined Crum/Tuckerman Workshop in Ohio. Evansia 24: 55-71.
Crooks, K. R., Suarez, A. V., & Bolger, D. T. (2004). Avian assemblages along a gradient of urbanization in a highly fragmented landscape. Biological conservation, 115(3), 451-462.
Curtis, T. J. (2017). A Study of the Macrolichens of Northeast Ohio. Ohio Moss and Lichen Association, OBELISK Volume 14 No. 1.
Esslinger, T. L. 2018. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada, Version 23. Opuscula Philolichenum 17: 6-268
Krzewicka, B. (2012). A revision of Verrucaria sl (Verrucariaceae) in Poland. Polish Botanical Studies, 27(3), 143.
Lendemer, J. C. (2017). New and Interesting Records of Lichens and Lichenicolous fungi from Ohio. OBELISK Vol. 14 No. 1
McClenahen, J. R., Showman, R. E., Hutnik, R. J., & Davis, D. D. (2012). Temporal changes in lichen species richness and elemental composition on a Pennsylvania atmospheric deposition gradient. Evansia, 29(3), 67-74.
Orange, A. (2013). British and Other Pyrenocarpous Lichens. National Museum of Wales Version 2
Scheiring, J. F., & Foote, B. A. (1973). Habitat distribution of the shore flies of northeastern Ohio (Diptera: Ephydridae).
Showman, R. E. (1972A). Photosynthetic response with respect to light in three strains of lichen algae.
Showman, R. E. (1972B). Residual effects of sulfur dioxide on the net photosynthetic and respiratory rates of lichen thalli and cultured lichen symbionts. Bryologist, 335-341.
Showman, R. E. (1975). The foliose and fruticose lichen flora around the Muskingum River Power Plant, Morgan County, Ohio.
Showman, R. E. (1981). Lichen recolonization following air quality improvement. Bryologist, 492-497.
Showman, R. E. (1997). Continuing lichen recolonization in the upper Ohio River Valley. Bryologist, 478-481.
Showman, R. E., & Rudolph, E. D. (1971). Water relations in living, dead, and cellulose models of the lichen Umbilicaria papulosa. Bryologist, 444-450.
Thomson, J. W. (1984). American Arctic Lichens: The Microlichens (Vol. 2). Univ of Wisconsin Press.
Tuovinen, O. H., & Hsu, J. C. (1982). Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in tubercles of the Columbus, Ohio, water distribution system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 44(3), 761-764.
Wadleigh, M. A., & Blake, D. M. (1999). Tracing sources of atmospheric sulphur using epiphytic lichens. Environmental Pollution, 106(3), 265-271. Workshop in Ohio. Evansia.
– Tomás J. Curtis, Kent State University